Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What You Need to Know

Overview

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term that encompasses a group of chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract. It primarily affects the colon and small intestine.

Types of IBD

The two main types of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC):

• Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus.
• Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine (colon) and rectum.

Causes

The exact cause of IBD is unknown, but it's believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of IBD include:

• Chronic diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Cramping
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blood in the stool

Diagnosis and Treatment

IBD is diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests, such as colonoscopy or endoscopy. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of IBD and may include:

• Medications to reduce inflammation
• Surgery to remove damaged sections of the intestine
• Dietary changes
• Lifestyle modifications